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The experiments were done on model systems made from RNA and proteins floating in a buffer solution. We suspect that such mechanisms may be employed by cells to arrange different MLOs for optimizing their functional output.”ĭavit Potoyan, PhD, assistant professor of chemistry at Iowa State University, is the study’s other senior author. “In all, we have shown using a simple system of three components that we can create different kinds of organelles and control their arrangement in a predictive manner. “These two factors impact how sticky the surfaces of the condensates are, changing how they interact with other droplets,” says Priya Banerjee, PhD, UB assistant professor of physics, and one of two senior authors of the paper. The other factor is the amino acid sequence of the proteins involved.” First, the amount of RNA in the mixture helps to regulate the morphology of the organelles. So how is the cell controlling this? We found two different mechanisms that allowed us to control the architecture of synthetic membraneless organelles formed inside a test tube. “They can be detached, attached to another condensate, or completely embedded within one another. “Different condensates can coexist inside the cells,” says first author Taranpreet Kaur, a PhD student in physics in the UB College of Arts and Sciences. The project brought together a team from the University at Buffalo and Iowa State University. The research lays out physical rules controlling the arrangement of various types of synthetic MLOs created using just three kinds of building materials: RNA and two different proteins, a prion-like polypeptide (PLP) and an arginine-rich polypeptide (RRP). 8 in Nature Communications explores how these compartments, also known as membraneless organelles (MLOs) or biomolecular condensates, form and organize themselves. And these varying assemblies can regulate the functions the droplets perform.Ī study published on Feb. Other times, one droplet can be found nested inside of another. Instead, they take the form of liquid droplets that don’t have a membrane, forming spontaneously, similar to oil droplets in water. These compartments are akin to specialized rooms inside a house, but their architecture is radically different: They don’t have walls. In cells, numerous important biochemical functions take place within spherical chambers made from proteins and RNA.